所有正式发布的分析稿都会进入这里,包括鸵鸟区块链迁移存档,以及 HashSpring 后续持续发布的深度内容。
Bitcoin breaking through the $20,000 threshold seems like yesterday, and in less than a month, its price has doubled again, breaking through $40,000 around 2 AM today, hitting a new all-time high. Beyond the attention from the cryptocurrency community, Bitcoin has also attracted attention from outsiders. In a "100 Greatest Modern Designs" list released by Fortune magazine last year, Bitcoin was also selected. From the iPhone in our hands to the Tesla Model S electric cars on the road, the designs on the list cover almost every aspect of our lives.
Analyzing the conditions that enabled DeFi's rapid growth, the bottlenecks restricting continued development, predicting the industry's future evolution direction, and discovering new opportunities. In the blockchain and cryptocurrency industry of 2020, although there were notable milestone events such as Bitcoin halving, institutional large-scale entry, Filecoin mainnet launch, and Ethereum entering 2.0, the most innovative and explosive field was DeFi (Decentralized Finance, or Open Finance).
Yesterday, ShapeShift, a veteran exchange established for over 6 years, announced its full embrace of DeFi, integrating decentralized protocols and abandoning its KYC requirements that began in 2018. This move was well-received by the community. Currently, the decentralized protocol-based ShapeShift only supports Ethereum and ERC20 token trading, with plans to enable trading of other mainstream coins in the future. ShapeShift's old version is still running but will be retired soon.
Summary: We audited an implementation of the Diamond Standard upgradeable contract proposal but cannot endorse it in its current form — however, you can check out our recommendations and upgrade strategy guide. We recently audited an implementation of the Diamond Standard, a new upgradeable contract pattern. Writing standards is a commendable endeavor, but the Diamond Standard and its implementation have many concerning aspects. This code is a product of over-engineering, accompanied by many unnecessary complexities, so we cannot recommend its use at this time.
Recently, many friends have been leaving messages or sending private messages asking us the same question: "Bitcoin has risen so much and become so expensive, can I still buy it now? Is it too late to enter the market now?" While they were hesitating, Bitcoin once again hit a new all-time high, breaking through $40,000. "Mother-in-law Capital" Has Entered Some time ago, one of our reporters suddenly said in the work group: "Mother-in-law capital has officially entered." It turns out his mother-in-law, a veteran stock investor who has dominated the A-share market for years, also decided to enter the market after seeing the recent trends of Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies, and gave him 100,000 yuan to buy coins.
事件解读、长篇研究,以及同步迁移和翻译后的分析内容。
In early August 2020, DeFi oracle projects represented by BAND and LINK surged with a big bullish candlestick. At this time, a large portion of domestic practitioners were still asking what DeFi was, with countless missing out. Overnight, the crypto circle split into the "classical faction" hoarding mainstream coins like BTC/ETH, and the "emerging faction" hyping DeFi coins like YFI/LINK/YAM. This wave of DeFi fever that spread from abroad to domestically actually had early signs.
Can algorithmic stablecoins truly achieve long-term survival? Will algorithmic stablecoins always be subject to extreme expansion and contraction cycles? Which vision of algorithmic stablecoins is more convincing: simple rebase models or multi-token seigniorage systems, or something else? There are two academic papers about stablecoins from 2014 worth careful reading: one is Ferdinand Ametrano's "Hayek Money: The Cryptocurrency Price Stability Solution," and the other is Robert Sams' "A Note on Cryptocurrency Stabilisation: Seigniorage Shares."
Plasm is a scalable smart contract chain based on Polkadot, developed using Parity's Substrate and designed as a parachain for Polkadot. To become a Polkadot parachain means Plasm needs to win the parachain slot auction.
Recently, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) issued a policy clarification letter. In this policy clarification letter, the OCC clearly stated that US federal banks and savings institutions can participate as nodes in INVN and use stablecoins as payment methods. This OCC policy will not only determine the development of US digital currency, but will also bring fundamental changes to the financial industry. These changes will specifically occur in the following areas. First, US CBDC will not be launched in the next few years I previously predicted that the US will not launch its CBDC in the next few years.
Editor's Note: A revolution is happening in the financial world—a Bankless revolution. Bankless was born in this revolution, serving as both a news newsletter and a dynamic guide, informing the open finance world weekly of the latest news. The following are Bankless and its hosts' predictions for the crypto world in 2021, covering Bitcoin, Ethereum, DeFi, stablecoins, NFT... ETH will surpass its all-time high and challenge $2,500. Cryptocurrency will become a multi-trillion dollar asset class.
The DeFi boom ignited market sentiment in 2020, but as applications developed, new risks quietly emerged. According to Odaily Planet Daily's incomplete statistics, from the bZx lending and trading protocol theft in February to the collapse of the star insurance project Cover Protocol at year-end, over 40 attack incidents occurred in the DeFi field in 2020, with losses totaling $177.4 million (of which approximately $49.39 million has been recovered, complete details in the table below).
An Ethereum address created in August last year earned mining returns of $200,000 to $400,000 daily over half a year, with total net assets growing to $300 million! Trader Nick Chong with Twitter ID @n2ckchong previously went viral by uncovering the movements of top investment institutions in the DeFi world through on-chain data, and this time he's targeted a truly significant "DeFi whale."
Kojima gave a tutorial on YFII-related content during a livestream and made predictions about this bull market... On January 6, 2021, Binance Taiwan Community Manager Zora had a conversation with former Google engineer, Matataki & Unisave founder, and YFII community core developer Kojima. Kojima gave a tutorial on YFII-related content during a livestream and made predictions about this bull market. Regarding half-collateralized, half-algorithmic stablecoins, Kojima stated that traditional stablecoins have no collateral and rely entirely on mechanisms for buybacks and distribution.
Bitcoin is expected to maintain a healthy bull market in 2021. Since Bitcoin's inception, BTC holdings on crypto exchanges have been increasing. However, starting in February 2020, institutional investors began withdrawing large amounts of Bitcoin from exchanges for long-term holding. To lower Bitcoin's price, it must be sold on exchanges, but sell-side liquidity crunch is intensifying.
The digital currency industry welcomed an 'institutional bull market' that pushed Bitcoin to a new high of $37,000. According to CoinMarketCap data, as of the morning of January 7, 2021, Bitcoin's total market capitalization increased by approximately 364% over the past year. As Bitcoin's price broke through its previous high of around $20,000, its price accelerated upward, breaking through the $30,000 threshold in just about 17 days.
2017 was about concepts, 2018 focused on technology, and 2019-2020 began emphasizing practice. While public chains chase hot trends, they also continuously engage in self-reflection and pioneering innovation, laying solid foundations for the blockchain world. Ethereum leads the way, while other public chains strive forward. For most public chains that focus on practical work, the goal is not to surpass Ethereum to become the strongest public chain, but to focus on their own domains, seize key areas for deep exploration, and provide users with richer and higher-quality services and experiences. As the industry continues to iterate, traditional institutions actively enter the space, and regulatory policies become clearer, the overall industry trend continues to improve.
(Entrance to Jardin Public, Van Gogh) OCC is the largest regulatory body for banks in the United States. Its full name is Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. On January 4th, it stated: it allows banks to become blockchain nodes and use stablecoins for settlement, which means OCC permits its banks to use public chains as settlement infrastructure.
As the cryptocurrency community developed, several companies stood out as leaders in 2020. We look forward to witnessing more miracles in the crypto industry in 2021. In 2020, the cryptocurrency and blockchain industry achieved rapid development. The two main assets, Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH), rose by 303% and 469% respectively. Compared to gold's 25% return rate, this can be considered extraordinary. Although gold is typically viewed as a safe-haven asset, these two digital assets outperformed gold under the uncertain market conditions caused by the pandemic.
To be fair, after everything we experienced in 2020, any predictions about the coming year are likely to be a blind guessing game. At the same time, I'm confident that humanity will learn many lessons from past mistakes and move forward by correcting errors and shortcomings. We have always done so. Undoubtedly, this year's COVID-19 outbreak was the main driving force behind the development of the crypto space. The impact of the ongoing global pandemic on all aspects of our lives will shape our future, and some trends that began in the crypto space in 2020 are likely to continue into 2021.
The game has begun! On January 4th, the U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) issued an interpretive letter stating that U.S. national banks and federal savings associations may use public blockchains and stablecoins for settlement. This is absolutely groundbreaking news - the doors to a new era are quietly opening. Morgan Creek founder and cryptocurrency advocate Anthony Pompliano couldn't contain his excitement, commenting on his personal social media: "The OCC just told US banks they must treat permissionless open-source blockchains the same way they treat SWIFT, ACH, and FedWire,"
Over the past month, DOT tokens from the cross-chain network Polkadot have surged 80%. During this period, Polkadot's parachain testnet Rococo V1 has been launched. According to the roadmap, Polkadot testnet Kusama (KSM) and Polkadot mainnet (DOT) will successively launch parachain slot auctions, meaning that long-awaited Polkadot ecosystem projects will connect to the Polkadot network for the first time. Since participating in auctions requires staking KSM and DOT tokens, the secondary market reacted first, with both tokens entering an upward trend recently.
"Backed by Coinbase and Circle, USDC at the beginning of 2021 has started gearing up. On Twitter, Circle's founder seems unable to sit still." In the stablecoin market, USDT issued by Tether has left a significant mark with its first-mover advantage. However, issues such as opaque account funds, collateral ratio problems, and allegations of arbitrary USDT issuance have repeatedly appeared, causing the market to question USDT multiple times and allowing the 'latecomers' in the stablecoin market to find their direction for growth.
On January 5th, news spread in China's crypto circles that TRON (TRX) was "being investigated by U.S. regulators for violating securities law." The news came from Adam Cochran, partner at overseas crypto asset investment firm Cinneamhain Ventures. He posted a court document from New York on Twitter claiming that TRON might be under investigation by U.S. regulators, possibly related to Bittorrent and Poloniex. In fact, this court document is a lawsuit filed with the Southern District Court of New York in April 2020.
DeFi is like a "fertile crescent" that has just begun to be cultivated, with various important innovations constantly emerging. We look forward to its expansion and conquest of traditional finance. DeFi is not a new term or concept, yet it shone brightly in 2020. Leading projects not only achieved rapid growth in their own value through model and product innovation, but also continuously drove industry scale to new heights. More importantly, DeFi brought breakthrough directions and new ideals to the industry, inspiring everything from underlying public chains to protocol-layer middleware to diverse application fields, enabling them to tell more coherent stories.
Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin pointed out in his published "An Incomplete Guide to Rollups" that Rollup is a powerful new layer-2 scaling paradigm that is poised to become the cornerstone of Ethereum scaling in the short and medium term future (and possibly long term as well).
Driven by BTC, mainstream crypto assets like ETH and LTC have soared in price, while EOS, once the representative of "Blockchain 3.0", remains "steadfast and unmoved". As of 1 PM on January 4th, according to data from Feixiaohao, BTC was priced at $33,151 with a 364% increase over the past year, ETH was priced at $1,023 with a 687% increase over the past year. At the same time, EOS was priced at $2.97 with a 16.1% increase over the past year.
DeFi lending protocols allow anyone to earn profits from lending without KYC requirements, and unlike centralized exchanges, custodians cannot run away with funds. Although any investment carries certain risks, many DeFi lending protocols have been operating for some time without major incidents. These lending protocols have proven to be highly resistant to attacks, remaining stable through violent market volatility while still providing annual returns of around 5%.
On January 2, 2021, Bitcoin, after a month of volatility, consecutively broke through the 30,000, 31,000, 32,000, and 33,000 USDT levels, rising 2,852 USDT in 24 hours with a 9.72% increase. As Bitcoin prices continue to climb, even the most obtuse observers must realize that another major cryptocurrency bull market has arrived, with many mainstream media outlets beginning to report on Bitcoin's recent frenzied performance.
The former star algorithmic stablecoin Basis died in the womb due to regulatory pressure, but after an anonymous team took over, Basis Cash launched after two years. Beyond this, a host of emerging algorithmic stablecoins have successively appeared as DeFi flourished, including the highly sought-after Ampleforth, Empty Set Dollar (ESD), and Terra. At a time when collateralized stablecoins are thriving and expanding their territory, algorithmic stablecoins still seem to be just a nascent social experiment.
Ethereum's dark forest monsters are no joke. These frontrunning bots can analyze smart contract calls and functions they've never used before in smart contracts to capture potential profits. Given the general lack of understanding of these bots, we embarked on a hunting expedition to further understand the situation and see how prevalent they are. We managed to "capture" some generic frontrunning bots and analyzed their behavior. We studied their efficiency and the likelihood of transactions being "hunted." We also tested different methods to evade them.