Structure of Binary State Tree

Over the past few months, I have been working on transitioning the trie from a hexadecimal tree structure to a binary tree structure. I have written an article on how to convert state tree formats (with a Chinese translation), but it did not fully explain the structure of the state tree. I will write a series of articles to explore what trade-offs need to be made when designing the new structure. This article is the first in the series. When designing hexadecimal trie, some design choices sounded great at the time, but after 5 years of practice, they proved to introduce a lot of complexity.