Vitalik's Latest Research: Blockchain Scalability Limitations, Refuting Musk's Dogecoin Scaling Approach

How scalable can blockchains really get? Can they really achieve what Elon Musk (Tesla CEO) wishes - 'reducing fees by 100x by shortening block time by 10x and increasing block size by 10x' - without leading to extreme centralization and damaging the fundamental properties that are essential to blockchain? If not, then how scalable can blockchains really get? What if we choose to scale by changing the consensus algorithm? More importantly,